Semantics by Kartini

What is Semantics?

Semantics derives the Greek Sema (Nomina) 'sign': or from the verb samaino 'mark', 'means'. The term is used by the linguist to refer to the part of the linguistic study of meaning. Semantics (semantics) is a branch of linguistics that examines meaning or meaning. The meaning under study by semantics is context-free meaning. The meanings are lexical and some are grammatical.

Types of Semantics

There are several types of semantics that are known, among others:

¤ Behavioral Semantics

Behaviorists have a general attitude: (1) followers of the behaviorist view are not too sure of the mentalistic terms of mind, concept, and idea:
(2) there is no essential difference between human and animal behavior:
(3) Learning factors and lack of confidence in innate factors: and
(4) its mechanism or determination.
Based on the sketch it means being in the range between stimulus and response, between stimuli and answers. Meaning is determined by the meaningful situation determined by the environment. Therefore, meaning can only be understood if there are observable data residing in the human experience environment. Example: a mother who feeds food on the baby.
 
¤ Descriptive Semantics

Semantic descriptive is a semantic study that specifically shows the meaning that now applies. The meaning of the word when the word first appeared. Not noticed. For example, in the Indonesian language there is a champion word ornag who got the highest ranking in the game without regard to the previous meaning of the regulator or pelerai in chicken bersabungan. Thus, Semantic descriptive only takes into account the present meaning.

¤ Generative Semantics

Well-known concepts in this stream are: (1) competence, ie the ability or knowledge of the language understood in communication: (3) the outer structure, ie the language element of a word or phrase that sounds like: and (4) The inner structure, that is, the meaning within the outer structure. This flow became famous for the emergence of Chomsky's book of 1957 which was later renewed.
Generative semantic theory emerged in 1968 because of linguist dissatisfaction with Chomsky's opinion. In their opinion semantic structures and syntactic structures are homogeneous. The inner structure is not the same as the semantic structure. To connect it is described with one rule, that is transformation. This theory comes to the conclusion that grammar consists of an inner structure that contains none other than the semantic structure and the outer structure which is the embodiment of the utterance of these two structures connected by a process called transformation.

¤ Grammatical Semantics

Grammatical semantics is a sympathetic study that specifically examines the meaning that exists in sentence units. Verhaar says Grammatical Semantics is much harder to analyze. To analyze the sentence is still sitting, the sister is asleep not only interpreted from the words of the compiled. One must interpret the entire contents of the sentence and something that is behind the sentence. A word will rub its meaning in other words.

¤ Semantics Lexical

The lexical semantics are a more satisfying study of the siment in the meaning of the word ay. The lexical semantics are not too difficult. A dictionary of examples for lexical Semantics: the meaning of every word in the form there. Thus, lexical Semantics takes into account the meaning that exists in the sentence of the word as an independent unit.

¤ Historical Semantics

Historical semantics is a semantic study that examines the system of meaning in time series. This historical semantic study emphasizes meaning in a time span, not a change of word form. Changes in the form of the word more studied in hoistorical linguistics. The origin of the word is part of the etymiological study. This semantics compares words or words spoken with words in other languages. In this case there is in the Java language there is a pari word. The phoneme / d / and / r / corresponds.

¤ Semantic Logic

Sematics logic is a logical concept associated with the concept of concepts and symbolic notation in the concept of the semantic language of logic to examine the system of meaning seen from the mathematics that mangacu to the word pengajian meaning or interpretation of the teachings, which are arranged in a system of logic by Carnap called semantics.
In the semantics of logic the spacing of the meaning of proprsion is distinguished from the sentence, for different sentences in the same language can be proclaimed in the same proportion. Conversely, a sentence can be expressed in two or more proportional. The proportion may be true to be false, and the symbol is referred to as proportional in the semantics of logic.

¤ Structural Semantics

Structural semantics begin from a structural linguist view pioneered by Saussure. Structuralists argue that every language is a system, a unique structural relationship consisting of units called structures. The structure is incarnated in elements of phonemes, morphemes, words, phrases, clauses, sentences, and discourses that divide it into phonological, morphological, syntactic, and discourse studies.

Characteristics Semantics

Semantics is the study of the relationship between the sign (symbol) with the object referred to by the sign. Semantic is the study of meaning.

Examples of Semantics

Multiple Meanings

One part of learning the language is knowing the many meanings of words. Here are some examples of words with more than one meaning:

• A child's alphabet block could be described as a wooden cube, learning aid, toy or block.
• Some see the glass half empty and others see the glass half full.
• A flowering plant could be referred to as a weed or A garden flower.
• One man's trash is another man's treasure.
• Some may consider it adult-themed photos.
• Paying a child for chores may be considered a bribe or simply incentive.
• A human can be refer To as a male, female, child, adult, baby, bachelor, father or mother.

Words Without Meanings

• Cleans like a white tornado
• Do you have tired blood?
• Go for the gusto
• At Birdseye we've got quality in our corner
• Goodyear radials: made for American cars.